Mme les femmes furent tues even the women were killed Ses lves, ses enfants mhne lont his pupils, even his children, have abandonn left him.As to the 3rd Person Singular and Plural of this Pronoun, its Genitive may be expressed by en ( of him, her, it, them), its Dative by y ( to him, her, it, them).The Datives and Accusatives are placed before the Imperative used negatively, and after this mood when it is used affirmatively:x N e le (les) punis pas do not punish him (them) Punis-,2 or punis-.punish him (them) N e lui prtez pas ce crayon do not lend him this pencil Prtez- ce couteau lend him this pencil JLcris-moi bientt write to me soon d.
If the Imperative be used affirmatively, the Pro- nouns must, according to No. Demonstrative Pronouns. Pronoms Dmonstratifs)1. A. Conjunctive. Masc. Fern. Sing, ce cet(hfZte)0Wel0r cette this, Plur. Disjunctive. Masc. Fem. this, that Sing, celui these, those Plur. Est-ce toi Oui, cest moi is it you Yes, it is I Ce sont mes amis they are my friends Cest une excellente femme she is an excellent woman j8 FRENCH GRAMMAR, b. Interrogative Pronouns. Pronoms Interrogatifs.1) 218. A. Conjunctive. Singular. Plural. Nom. Masc. Fern. Masc. Fern. Gen. quel quelle quels quelles of which, what Dat. Relative Pronouns. Pronoms Relatifs) -1 Masc. Fern. Sing. Plur, Nom, qui who, which Gen. Generally speaking, y there, is used instead of l there, when it points to a place which has been named before: Nallez pas l, ce serait dange- dont go there, it would be dan reux gerous Jaime Manchester, yy ai pass like Manchester; I have been plusieurs annes there for several years 235.(3) The Adverb O, where Lat. Personne x nobody, no one is always masculine and singular and requires the negative ne before the verb: 3 Personne zest tu nobody has been killed Je zai rencontr personne I met no one b. When they are not accompanied by a Verb: Qui est venu Personne who came N o one Qua-t-il fait Rien what did he do Nothing b. If, in these two examples, we were to use qtielque chose or quelquun instead of rien and personne, the sense of the phrase would no longer be the same. The translation of the ordinary question, Has any one dared to deny this would be: Personne na-t-il os nier cela 3 See Reasons, c, 384. See 236 (1): Chaque homme a sa passion every man has his passion Chaque fille aime jouer every girl likes playing (2) a. Q u e l q u e, 2 pL q u e l q u e s, some, is of both gen- ders, and is always followed by a Noun. See 236 (2): Donnez-moi quelque argent give me some money Il y a quelques fautes there are some mistakes 0. Les uns les autres feach other w i t h r e f e r e n c e t 0,, PRONOUNS. T o u t, 1 t o u t e 2 every, each, when used with- out any Article. T o u t, t o u t e whole, when used with the Singular of the Definite Article. T o u s, t o u t e s all, when used with the Plural of the Definite Article. If, in the first example, we were to write, Nous sommes tous prts, tous would no longer be an Adverb; it would be the Adjective, and mean: all: we are all ready. Thus: Ces vins sont tout purs these wines are quite pure Ces vins sont tous purs these wines are all pute 154 FRENCH GRAMMAR. Tout used alone means everything: Tout est chang ici everything is changed here d. Mme takes an s when it is used: (i) between the Article and the Noun in the Plural; (2) after one Noun or Pronoun in the Plural; 3) substantively (see above, b). On its etymology, see Reasons, c, 371, N o. PRONOUNS. 155 But mme remains invariable when used as an Adverb in the sense of even, i.e. Article; (2) when it follows several Substantives; (3) when it qualifies another word but the Substantive.
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